This study investigated the multilayer growth and properties of ZnS and MgF2using glancing angle deposition. We used deposition angles of 85° to 89° for ZnS and 70° to 88° for MgF2to obtain the structural properties. The film properties primarily followed Tait's rule with a deposition angle of less than 87° in the vapor flux. However, film growth with a vapor flux angle of 88° to 89° followed the tangent rule. Mathematical and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations found a transition point for the growth mechanisms at 87°, which comes from an extreme angle property for glancing angle deposition. We also performed mathematical derivations for the well-known empirical formula of the tangent rule and its generalized version. To stabilize the interface structure and surface roughness of multilayer structures, film growth at slightly tilted angles is recommended. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rgfp966.html Based on these results, an optical structure was designed, fabricated, and analyzed for a 550-nm wavelength pass filter on a glass substrate. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.A study of a hybrid ZnCdSeS/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) device fabricated with indium tin oxide (ITO)-free transparent electrodes is presented. Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) prepared by magnetron sputtering is adopted in anode transparent electrodes for green QLEDs with different sputtering pressures. The Kelvin probe force microscopy measurement shows that AZO has a work function of approximately 5.0 eV. The AZO/poly(ethylene-dioxythiophene)/polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOTPSS) interface can be adjusted by the sputtering pressures, which was confirmed by the hole-only devices. The AZO films with low surface roughness can form a good AZO/PEDOTPSS interface, which can increase the holes' injection, and result in improved charge balance. The maximum current efficiency, luminance and external quantum efficiency of the optimized QLEDs devices under a sputtering pressure of 1 mTorr can achieve values of 50.75 cd/A, 102,500 cd/m2 and 12.94%, respectively. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.PURPOSE This study demonstrates remote imaging for in vivo detection of radiation-induced tumor microstructural changes by tracking the diffusive spread of injected intratumor UV excited tattoo ink using Cherenkov-excited luminescence imaging (CELI). METHODS Micro-liter quantities of luminescent tattoo ink with UV absorption and visible emission were injected at a depth of 2mm into mouse tumors prior to receiving a high dose treatment of radiation. X-rays from a clinical linear accelerator were used to excite phosphorescent compounds within the tattoo ink through Cherenkov emission. The in vivo phosphorescence was detected using a time-gated intensified CMOS camera immediately after injection, and then again at varying time points after the ink had broken down with the apoptotic tumor cells. ex vivo tumors were imaged post-mortem using hyperspectral cryo-fluorescence imaging to quantify necrosis and compared to Cherenkov-excited light imaging of diffusive ink spread measured in vivo. RESULTS Imaging of untreaial for novel, minimally invasive radiotherapy response assay without interrupting a singular clinical workflow. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has attracted great interest as a new energy-based technique to treat disordered tissues, such as tumors, through a hyperthermal mechanism using ultrasonic waves. However, long treatment times and collateral damage to healthy tissues due to high acoustic powers are still challenges for the clinical application of HIFU. One possible strategy to enhance the deposition efficiency of HIFU at the tumor site is to employ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as ultrasound absorption agents for the thermal therapy. The objectives of the current study are threefold (i) to examine the effects of MNP features, including the size and volume concentration, on the thermal mechanism of HIFU (ii) to investigate the performance of MNPs as they were exposed to ultrasound fields at different ranges of power and frequency (iii) and to study the interaction mechanism between MNPs and ultrasonic waves during the MNPs-enhanced HIFU process. To this end, we developed an ultrasound-guided HIFU system to conduct an in vitro experimental study on tissue phantoms containing MNPs of different sizes and volume concentrations. A set of HIFU parameters such as temperature rise and the rate of absorbed energy was monitored to examine the role of MNPs during the NPs-enhanced HIFU thermal procedure. Results showed that the MNPs significantly improved the thermal effect of HIFU by enhancing the rate of energy converted to heat and the temperature rise at the focal region. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the increase of MNP size and volume concentration greatly enhanced the HIFU parameters; the effects of MNPs were further improved by increasing the power and frequency of acoustic field.BACKGROUND Oncologists often struggle with managing the complex issues unique to older adults with cancer, and research is needed to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes. METHODS This study enrolled patients aged ?70 years within 8 weeks of a diagnosis of incurable gastrointestinal cancer. Patient-reported surveys were used to assess vulnerability (Vulnerable Elders Survey [scores ?3 indicate a positive screen for vulnerability]), quality of life (QoL; EORTC Quality of Life of Cancer Patients questionnaire [higher scores indicate better QoL]), and symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS; higher scores indicate greater symptom burden] and Geriatric Depression Scale [higher scores indicate greater depression symptoms]). Unplanned hospital visits within 90 days of enrollment and overall survival were evaluated. We used regression models to examine associations among vulnerability, QoL, symptom burden, hospitalizations, and overall survival. RESULTS Of 132 patients approached, 102 (77.3%) were ehealthcare use, and worse survival. Screening tools to identify vulnerable patients should be integrated into practice to guide clinical care.